As oral health professionals, it is essential to have a comprehensive understanding of the science behind dental cavities. Through this guide, we will delve into the intricacies of tooth decay and the various factors that contribute to its development. From the role of bacteria and plaque formation to the significance of oral hygiene practices, we will explore the latest research and insights in the field. This guide is intended to serve as a valuable resource for oral health professionals, providing them with the knowledge and tools necessary to effectively prevent and manage dental cavities.